Linguistic knowledge is of different types, but among the most important are phonology, lexis, syntax, semantics and discourse structure. ![]() If we consider how the language comprehension system works, it is obvious that a number of different types of knowledge are involved: both linguistic knowledge and non-linguistic knowledge. ![]() Then, in Chapter 2, I will discuss what is unique to listening comprehension.ĭifferent types of knowledge used in listening ![]() Much of this relates to reading as well as listening. In this chapter, I will begin by examining the listening process, and how language is used to convey meaning. The purpose of this book is to look at the listening process, and to consider how that should be measured. This is construct validity, and ensuring that the right construct is being measured is the central issue in all assessment. Thus, the first task of the test developer is to understand the construct, and then, secondly, to make a test that somehow measures that construct. Incorrect auxiliary avoir could be heard, so underline as a mistake and penalise. The thing we are trying to measure is called a construct, and our test will be useful and valid only if it measures the right construct. Example 1: The candidate writes Elle a allée. ![]() An understanding of what we are trying to measure is the starting point for test construction. published in 2009, and it uses a Story Retell/Listening Comprehension section. Listening comprehension is a process, a very complex process, and if we want to measure it, we must first understand how that process works.
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